HOME SERVER GUIDE — LINUX COMMAND CHEAT SHEET ================================================== IMPORTANT - Linux commands are case-sensitive. - Check paths carefully before using rm, chmod or chown. - Commands beginning with sudo run with administrator privileges. - Replace example names and paths with your own values. CONNECT WITH SSH -------------------------------------------------- ssh serveradmin@192.168.1.100 WHERE AM I? -------------------------------------------------- pwd LIST FILES AND FOLDERS -------------------------------------------------- ls ls -l ls -la ls -lh CHANGE FOLDER -------------------------------------------------- cd /storage cd .. cd ~ cd / CREATE FOLDERS -------------------------------------------------- mkdir Movies mkdir -p /storage/media/Movies CREATE AN EMPTY FILE -------------------------------------------------- touch example.txt COPY FILES AND FOLDERS -------------------------------------------------- cp source.txt destination.txt cp -r source-folder destination-folder MOVE OR RENAME -------------------------------------------------- mv old-name.txt new-name.txt mv file.txt /storage/media/ DELETE -------------------------------------------------- rm file.txt rm -r folder-name WARNING: rm permanently deletes files. Linux does not normally use a recycle bin. VIEW A TEXT FILE -------------------------------------------------- cat file.txt less file.txt EDIT A TEXT FILE -------------------------------------------------- nano file.txt SAVE IN NANO: Ctrl + O Enter EXIT NANO: Ctrl + X COPY FROM WINDOWS TO THE SERVER -------------------------------------------------- scp "C:\Users\YourName\Downloads\file.txt" serveradmin@192.168.1.100:/home/serveradmin/ COPY A FOLDER FROM WINDOWS TO THE SERVER -------------------------------------------------- scp -r "C:\Users\YourName\Documents\MyFolder" serveradmin@192.168.1.100:/home/serveradmin/ COPY FROM THE SERVER TO WINDOWS -------------------------------------------------- scp serveradmin@192.168.1.100:/home/serveradmin/file.txt "C:\Users\YourName\Downloads\" CHECK OWNERSHIP AND PERMISSIONS -------------------------------------------------- ls -l CHANGE OWNERSHIP -------------------------------------------------- sudo chown serveradmin:serveradmin file.txt sudo chown -R serveradmin:serveradmin /storage/media CHANGE PERMISSIONS -------------------------------------------------- chmod 755 folder-name chmod 644 file.txt sudo chmod -R 775 /storage/media PERMISSION NUMBERS -------------------------------------------------- 4 = Read 2 = Write 1 = Execute 7 = Read + Write + Execute 6 = Read + Write 5 = Read + Execute 4 = Read only COMMON EXAMPLES -------------------------------------------------- 755 = Owner can read/write/execute; everyone else can read/execute 775 = Owner and group can read/write/execute; others can read/execute 644 = Owner can read/write; everyone else can read 777 = Everyone can read/write/execute WARNING: Avoid chmod 777 unless temporarily diagnosing a permissions problem. It gives every local user and process full access. CHECK DISK SPACE -------------------------------------------------- df -h CHECK FOLDER SIZE -------------------------------------------------- du -sh folder-name CHECK MEMORY -------------------------------------------------- free -h CHECK SYSTEM UPTIME -------------------------------------------------- uptime CHECK IP ADDRESSES -------------------------------------------------- hostname -I ip addr UPDATE RASPBERRY PI OS -------------------------------------------------- sudo apt update sudo apt full-upgrade -y REBOOT -------------------------------------------------- sudo reboot SHUT DOWN SAFELY -------------------------------------------------- sudo shutdown -h now VIEW RECENT COMMANDS -------------------------------------------------- history CLEAR THE TERMINAL -------------------------------------------------- clear USEFUL KEYS -------------------------------------------------- Tab = Complete a command or path Up Arrow = Previous command Ctrl + C = Stop the current command Ctrl + L = Clear the terminal Ctrl + D = End the current session ==================================================